American Cancer Society. Benefits of Quitting Smoking Over Time. Updated November 1, Health Risks of Tobacco Smoking. Updated October 28, Mayer B. How much nicotine kills a human? Tracing back the generally accepted lethal dose to dubious self-experiments in the nineteenth century. Arch Toxicol. National Cancer Institute. Harms of Cigarette Smoking and Benefits of Quitting.
Updated December 19, Updated July 15, Economic Trends in Tobacco. Updated May 18, Smoking was very much a 20th century problem.
It was rare at the beginning of the century, but then — decade after decade — it became steadily more common. By the s it was extremely widespread: on average, American adults were buying more than 10 cigarettes every day.
The statistical work that identified smoking as the major cause of the rise in lung cancer deaths began in the post-war periods and culminated in the report of the Surgeon General. This report is seen as a turning point in the history of smoking as it made clear to the public just how deadly it was. Looking back I also remember how surprised I was by how quickly smoking then declined.
It is a good reminder of how wrong it often is to think that things cannot be different — for a long time smoking kept on increasing and it looked as if it would never change. But then it did. Nearly half of all former smokers have quit, 12 cigarette sales declined to a third of what they once were, and the death rate from lung cancer declined.
For some time it looked as if people in poorer countries followed the path of people in richer countries. As they became richer they started to smoke more. But more recently this has changed, as the line chart shows: the share of people who smoke is declining in rich and poorer countries.
The fact that poorer countries are not following the stupidity of the early industrializers is a very positive development. This is good news for global health, as we see in the scatterplot. In most countries in the world — all the countries above the grey line — the death rate from smoking is now lower than back in The decline of smoking is achieved through a successful global health campaign.
By taxing cigarettes very heavily, many governments made cigarettes much more expensive. In , Among middle school students who were current cigarette users in , Tobacco use in adolescence is also associated with a range of other unhealthy behaviors, including being involved in fights, carrying weapons, and engaging in high-risk sexual behavior.
People who begin smoking at an early age are more likely to develop a severe addiction to nicotine than those who start at a later age. One study found that teens exposed to the greatest amount of smoking in movies were 2. Beach Water Advisories Lifted for St. Over half of lung cancer cases are related to tobacco, as are almost half of the cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD.
In order to reduce the threat of tobacco, countries must take urgent action to step up the implementation of the tobacco control measures outlined in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control FCTC , which are reinforced by the Sustainable Development Agenda.
As well as being a major risk factor for lung and other pulmonary cancers in the Americas, tobacco use also causes and exacerbates a wide range of other diseases of the lung. One in five smokers will develop COPD in their lifetime and adults who were exposed to second-hand smoke during childhood are also at increased risk due to impaired lung growth and function.
Tobacco is also a contributing factor to other lung diseases, including tuberculosis TB and asthma. Smoking more than doubles the risk of transforming latent TB infections, which affect around a quarter of the people worldwide, into active disease.
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